What are Neutrophils ?

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Neutrophils are most common type of WBC in human body , making up 55 to 70 percent of your white blood cells.also consider as MajorĀ  Granulocyte in blood.

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These neutrophils are produced in bone marrow , and short lived.Also they are the predominant cells found in pus, accounting for its yellowish color.

Neutrophil

Function

Neutrophils are really important to ,Protect the body against pyogenic bacterial infection.They are highly motile &Ā  They can move freely through the walls of veins and into the tissues of your body to immediately attack all antigens.

During the acute phase of inflammation,Ā  neutrophils are one of the first-responders of inflammatory cells to migrate towards the site of inflammation.

Morphology

NeutrophilsĀ  Contain 3 to 5 segmented Nucleus &Ā  the separate lobes Ā connected by chromatin.

The diamaeterĀ  IsĀ  about 12ā€“15 micrometers (Āµm) in peripheral blood smears.

When stained, we can see fine purple colour granules in pink cytoplasm

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Normal range

Normal range of neutrophil , in healthy adult humanĀ  is, approximatelyĀ  60-70% of total WBC ( itā€™s mean 2.5*109/L- 7.5*109/L of blood)

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Why / when high-neutrophilia

Neutrophils count exceed normal range due to ,Ā Pathological conditions or Physiological conditions ā€¦

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When we consider pathological conditions , examples are ā€¦

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  • Bacterial infections
  • Inflammation & tissue necrosis
  • CML
  • Myeloproliferative disordersĀ Ā  &
  • Asplenia

Also , When we consider physiological conditions , neutrophil count go high due to ā€¦

  • Hemolysis
  • Acute hemorrhage &
  • Drugs

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Why / when low-neutropenia

Neutrophils count get lower number , compare to the normal range due to , Both Pathological conditions as well asĀ  Physiological conditions ā€¦

Ā When we consider pathological conditions , examples are ā€¦Ā 

  • Due to Some viral Infections( viral such as HIV, Hepatitis)
  • Autoimmune disorders
  • Congenital disease such as kostmann’s disease &
  • And Cyclic neutropeniaĀ 

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Also when we consider physiological conditions , example is Drug induced neutropenia.

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Special tests / other facts

Increase number of granules in neutrophils is called as toxic granulation, in which can be seen in bacterial infections and inflammation.

Hypersegmented neutrophils contain more than 5 lobes in nucleus which is distinctive feature in megaloblastic Anemia.

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